Hispanic Experience in Burke County
Overview
During the 1990s, the Hispanic population in Burke County grew 824 percent compared to the national increase of 60 percent. It is apparent that during this time the cultural landscape of Burke County was profoundly and uniquely shifted. Most of the Hispanic population in Burke County consists of Mayan Guatemalans who arrived as both war and economic refugees. Other Hispanic ethnic groups that live in Burke County include people from Mexico, Colombia, Honduras and El Salvador. The Hispanic communities are connected by the Spanish language, which is a second language for many who have other primary ethnic dialects. The Hispanic experience is an example of the relationship between traditional ethnic values, affinity spaces and cultural assimilation as experienced by many modern immigrants.
Guatemalan Civil War 1960–1996
The Guatemalan Civil War was fought between the government of Guatemala and indigenous groups. One of the long-standing issues was the unfair land distribution to the wealthy - mainly European-descended - citizens and foreign companies, which led to civil war with the indigenous groups who lived in poverty. Over the span of the 36 years, military dictators fought for power, and an estimated 140,000-200,000 people were killed, or forcefully disappeared, by the Guatemala state against the civilian population. The government repression also led to the massacre of entire villages and the widespread killing of Mayans were considered a genocide.
Cuatemalan Culture | As seen Through…Raul Martinez
Hello, my name is Raul Martinez. I am ethnic Mayan and was born in Morganton, North Carolina. When I was younger, my brothers and I were sent to live with our grandma for two years in Guatemala after our parents divorced. My grandmother did not have a formal education nor did she have the finances to continue her education. Most people in the village where I was raised had no formal education. Some of my best memories of Guatemala are the festivals - we went to a lot of them!
When my parents came to the US, they faced many challenges because of the language barrier, but that didn’t stop my father from becoming a naturalized citizen in 2006. The other challenge they had was finding a job to support themselves and even if they did find a job, they still faced a lot discrimination such as not being treated fairly, and having no voice to speak up against the wrongdoing of upper management. Still, my father worked hard for the American dream. His vision for this dream was the freedom he did not have in his own country: the power to vote, opportunity for economic stability, homeownership, and education for his children.
Some of my best memories of Guatemala are the festivals - we went to a lot of them! One particular festival celebrated the angels the city was named after; however, for me, THE best memory was when my father met my stepmother. She didn’t give birth to us but she became a mother figure, and my brothers and I needed that since our biological mother abandoned us after our parents divorced. In 1999, we all returned to the US…but we left one behind. My youngest brother had passed away from illness and my father did not want to risk losing anyone else.
When we came back, I was old enough to be enrolled in school. I did notice that I was the only person of color in my class in elementary school, but I don’t recall any racist experiences from my peers. There was more diversity in middle school and that was where I met other Hispanic students. The thing was they didn’t really associate with me because they mostly spoke Spanish, and I didn't pick up Spanish right away. I only spoke English and Aketeco. Outside of school and in the community, I did witness instances of racism, discrimination, and racial profiling toward the Hispanic community. In 2006, NC passed a law requiring a social security number in order to obtain a driver’s license which created a lot of distrust between the government and the local Hispanic community. A couple years ago, you had to present a US government ID in order to access utility services in Morganton, and this created a huge debate and the Hispanic community gathered to voice their concern about the problem. As a Hispanic person, I don’t take for granted that I am an American citizen. I can vote, have benefits, and access to higher education. Burke County has one of the fastest growing populations of Hispanics - some are DACA recipients or here because their parents brought them here for a better life. Another benefit of being a citizen is not having to worry about getting pulled over without a driver's license or getting deported if I am at the wrong place at the wrong time.
One triumph in my life is finishing my education and graduating from UNC-Greensboro. I am the first in my family - I did it to make my parents proud - especially because of how hard they worked to support me and my brother. Obtaining higher education has benefited me with various job opportunities and economic stability. Raul is the Office Manager for Opportunity Threads, the largest immigrant-led cut-and-sew worker-owned cooperative in the US. It is a singular and unique company founded on three ethical platforms as its foundation: social, environmental, and economic benefits for the local community. This year is my fifth year working for Opportunity Threads, and this place has taught and developed me into a better leader. Our company is very accepting and creates a safe environment where your voice is heard and valued. Worker-owned cooperatives like ours give people the opportunity to become owners, or members, to become a decision-maker on how the business operates, and vote on matters that benefit both the employees and the company.
I personally believe in honesty, equality, joy, family, and integrity but I have struggled a lot with the concept of “identity” and where I fit in this community. Honesty is a big one for me - and I am still working on being honest with myself - because race can and often intersect with other social identities such as gender, economics, class, ability, religion, and sexual orientation. I have often felt like I was on the outside, and I didn’t belong because of my sexual orientation and folks not being accepting of it, especially in the Hispanic community. I grew up in a strong Catholic family and culture, and in my experience, the Hispanic community views homosexuality as a sin. Some people will look down on you, or abandon or disown you, which can have a very negative effect on your mentality. I have struggled to come out and especially to my family. There are days I want to be open - but the fear of doing so still has control of me. Outside of the Hispanic community - and in my opinion - there is more acceptance of who I am. But it’s still the rural south and some are still taking time to accept the LGBTQ community. I have always struggled with anxiety and depression because of this and it got worse in 2020 when my father passed away from Covid-19. His death greatly impacted me. Emotionally, I went through phases of sadness, disbelief, and loneliness. I also dreamed about him a lot and I would like to think these dreams have a message or meaning behind them. What helped me were my friends and family who checked-in on me and I would do the same thing by talking to my brother and mother.
When people hear my story, or other stories, I hope they appreciate the diversity and cultural differences that our community offers. My upbringing is different from everyone else and telling my story helps shape who I am.
Raul at Opportunity Threads
Raul’s family with him (center) at his UNC-Greensboro graduation.
Raul with one of his brothers.
Village in Guatemala where Raul’s parents lived and where he spent two years living until 1999.
Raul’s family